What is a Retinal Tear?

A retinal tear occurs when the retina is partially torn, often due to the vitreous gel pulling away from the retina. At birth, the vitreous (a clear gel-like substance that fills in the back cavity of the eye) is attached to the retina. As we age, the gel separates from the retina creating a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), which usually happens without any issue. However, in some people, the vitreous gel pulls away abnormally from the retina which can cause the retina to tear. If left untreated, a tear can progress to retinal detachment.

What is a Retinal Detachment?

A retinal detachment happens when the retina separates from the underlying tissue, and is pulled away from its normal position at the back of the eye. When the retina is detached, it is separated from its blood supply and no longer functions properly. This is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention to prevent permanent vision loss.

Symptoms of Retinal Tear and Detachment are similar, and may include:

  • Sudden onset of floaters (small spots or threads in your vision)
  • Flashes of light
  • A shadow or curtain effect over part of your vision
  • Blurred or distorted vision

Causes and Risk Factors

  • Aging (posterior vitreous detachment)
  • Severe nearsightedness (myopia)
  • Eye injuries or trauma
  • Family history of retinal detachment
  • Previous eye surgeries, such as cataract removal

Treatment Options

  • Retinal Tear: Laser surgery or cryotherapy to seal the tear and prevent progression to detachment.
  • Retinal Detachment:
    • Pneumatic retinopexy: A gas bubble is injected into the eye to push the retina back into place.
    • Scleral buckle: A surgical procedure where a silicone band is placed around the eye to support the retina.
    • Vitrectomy: A surgical procedure where the vitreous gel is removed in order to repair the detachment.

Learn more about how laser treatments and surgeries are performed on our Treatments page.

If you experience any symptoms of retinal tear or detachment, contact Retina Associates of Western NY immediately for prompt evaluation and treatment.