Uveitis is a term used to describe a group of inflammatory conditions affecting the uvea, the middle layer of the eye. This condition can lead to significant discomfort and, if left untreated, severe complications including vision loss. At Retina Associates of Western NY, we specialize in diagnosing and managing uveitis with the most advanced treatments available, ensuring our patients receive comprehensive care tailored to their specific needs.

What Is Uveitis?

The uvea consists of three parts: the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. These structures play critical roles in eye function, including controlling light entry, focusing vision, and nourishing the retina. Uveitis refers to inflammation in any part of this layer and can affect other parts of the eye, including the retina, vitreous, and optic nerve.

There are four main types of uveitis, classified based on the location of the inflammation:

  • Anterior Uveitis: Involves the iris and ciliary body and is the most common form.
  • Intermediate Uveitis: Affects the vitreous and sometimes the peripheral retina.
  • Posterior Uveitis: Involves the retina and choroid.
  • Panuveitis: Inflammation in all parts of the uvea.

Causes 

Uveitis can be caused by a wide range of factors, which are often categorized as infectious or non-infectious.

  • Infectious Causes:
    • Bacterial infections such as tuberculosis or syphilis
    • Viral infections including herpes simplex virus (HSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV)
    • Fungal infections like histoplasmosis
    • Parasitic infections, for example, toxoplasmosis
  • Non-Infectious Causes:
    • Autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or sarcoidosis
    • Systemic inflammatory diseases like ankylosing spondylitis or Behçet’s disease
    • Trauma to the eye
    • Idiopathic cases, where no underlying cause can be identified

Symptoms

The symptoms of uveitis vary depending on the type and severity of inflammation. Common signs include:

  • Redness of the eye
  • Pain or discomfort in the affected eye
  • Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
  • Blurred or decreased vision
  • Floaters, which appear as dark spots or lines in the field of vision

In more severe cases, uveitis can lead to complications such as:

  • Glaucoma
  • Cataracts
  • Retinal swelling (macular edema).
  • Retinal detachment
  • Vision loss
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical to prevent these complications

How Is Uveitis Diagnosed?

Diagnosing uveitis involves a thorough evaluation by an eye specialist. Diagnostic steps may include:

  • Detailed medical history discussing symptoms, medical conditions, and any recent infections or trauma.
  • Comprehensive eye examination using slit-lamp biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, and other techniques to examine the eye’s structures.
  • Diagnostic Imaging Tests such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) for detailed retinal imaging, fluorescein angiography to assess retinal blood flow, or ultrasound imaging to evaluate deeper eye structures.
  • Laboratory Tests and/or blood work  to identify systemic conditions or infections contributing to uveitis.

Treatment Options 

The treatment of uveitis aims to reduce inflammation, alleviate symptoms, and address any underlying causes. Our physicians will develop a personalized treatment plan for each patient using state-of-the-art therapies. Treatment options may include:

  • Medications
    • Corticosteroids: These are the primary treatment for reducing inflammation. They can be administered as eye drops, oral medications, or injections depending on the severity and location of the uveitis.
    • Immunosuppressive Drugs: For patients with autoimmune-related uveitis or those unresponsive to corticosteroids.
    • Antimicrobial Therapy: Antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungals for infectious causes.
  • Biologic Agents
    • Biologic drugs such as adalimumab and infliximab target specific components of the immune system and are effective for certain autoimmune-related uveitis cases.
  • Laser Therapy
    • In cases of complications like retinal swelling or neovascularization, laser treatments can help manage the damage and prevent further progression.
  • Surgical Interventions
    • Vitrectomy: Removal of the vitreous humor to alleviate inflammation or treat complications like retinal detachment.
  • Lifestyle and Supportive Care
    • Wearing sunglasses to reduce light sensitivity.
    • Adopting a healthy lifestyle to support immune function.
    • Regular follow-ups to monitor and adjust treatment as needed.

At Retina Associates of Western NY, we understand the challenges posed by uveitis and are dedicated to providing compassionate, expert care. Our team of specialists uses the latest diagnostic tools and treatments to ensure the best possible outcomes for our patients. If you are experiencing symptoms of uveitis or have been diagnosed with this condition, contact us today to schedule an appointment with one of our uveitis specialists.